web development slot pragmatic can be a sought-after skill, which can open the door to many opportunities for earning money. However, being a web developer can be stressful and demanding particularly when you are required to meet deadlines, complex projects, and demanding clients. If you’re trying to diversify your sources of income and decrease your dependence on active income, you might think about pursuing passive income.

Top Passive Income Ideas for Web Developers

Passive income can be a great way for web developers to generate additional revenue streams without constant active effort.

Start a SAAS Product Developer Business

A SaaS solution could be an ideal method for Web developers to earn regular income. It is possible to build a large customer base and earn a steady revenue from membership fees by creating a solution that addresses the same issue that is common to other companies. After your product has been developed and launched, it will continue to earn money without needing an ongoing effort and allow you to focus on other business tasks.

Start an Affiliate Marketing

You can earn money by making use of affiliate marketing to promote the services or products of other individuals. Each time a purchase is made using your affiliate link, you’ll earn a commission. Your expertise can be utilized as a web designer to create content that draws people to your site and promotes the products that you’re associated with. When your content is finished you can then be able to generate passive income.

Also read: Top 15 Unique Website Ideas

Start an Online Jewelry Store

It is possible to sell your items to a huge client base and earn income from passive sources by setting up an online jewelry store. An appealing and user-friendly online store that showcases your items can be built with your skills as a web designer. After your store is set up, it can continue running and earning revenue without requiring an endless amount of work.

Start a Content Writing Company

As a web developer, starting a content writing business could be an excellent option to earn a passive income. It is possible to delegate work and focus on business growth while also earning a share of the profits by hiring additional editors and writers. If your team is on the job the business will continue to earn money with no direct involvement, which gives you the opportunity to move to other tasks.

Start a Subscription Box Business

Customers who subscribe to receive a particular set of products every month from a subscription-box business. Because customers love getting a variety of items from different brands Subscription boxes are in fashion in the present.

Sell Digital Products

Digital assets, such as stock images and 3D models are developed and sold by web developers. Digital assets are easy to use and could generate earnings for many years. The most highly rated items are those that can be made digital. They are easy to create and share and are a great way to increase your business.

Start a Tech Blog

Blogging has become an income-generating venture for those with the appropriate expertise and who are able to effectively communicate with their readers. Through sharing useful information bloggers are able to earn money through a variety of ways, including affiliate marketing sponsorships or Google Ads.

Start A WordPress Template Business

Web developers are able to design templates for their websites and sell them on marketplaces for digital goods like ThemeForest. After a template has been created it can be used to continue earning revenue without any additional effort from the designer.

Also read: Top 30 Money Making Apps for Extra Income

Start A Website Hosting Platform

Web developers are able to offer website hosting services to their customers or offer hosting packages for sale on websites. Hosting could be a lucrative passive income stream because customers regularly pay to host services.

Start an Etsy shop

Etsy is a popular platform for artists to sell their products and web designers are able to profit from this opportunity by creating a visually appealing and user-friendly shop. After you’ve established your shop, you’ll be able to create multiple passive income streams by implementing actions like refining the product listing, using social media to promote the shop, and collaborating with influencers to enhance its visibility.

Final Word

Web developers can generate passive income through digital products, affiliate marketing, ad revenue, mobile apps, online courses, and more. Diversifying income streams can lead to financial stability and growth.

Should You Give Money to Your Children Now or Leave It in Your Will?

Discover the pros and cons of lifetime gifts versus leaving an inheritance in your will, including UK inheritance tax (IHT) considerations and planning tips.

One of the most common estate-planning questions parents ask is whether they should give money to their children during their lifetimes or leave it to them through their wills.

There is no one-size-fits-all answer. The right approach depends on your financial circumstances, family situation and long-term objectives.

Many parents would love to help their children financially while they are still around to see the difference it makes. Whether it’s helping with a first home, paying university fees or supporting grandchildren, giving money during your lifetime can be incredibly rewarding.

Before making significant gifts, however, it’s important to understand the IHT implications.

In this article, we will explain the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, outline the main IHT rules and highlight some of the key factors to consider before deciding what is right for you and your family.  You can also find further guidance on IHT on the GOV.UK website and within HMRC’s IHT manuals.

Why More Families Are Giving Money Earlier

With house prices remaining high, the cost of living continuing to rise and many younger people finding it harder to get onto the property ladder, more parents are choosing to help their children earlier rather than waiting until after death.

Providing financial support during your lifetime can allow your children to:

• Purchase their first home.
• Reduce mortgage borrowing.
• Pay university or private school fees.
• Start or grow a business.
• Improve their financial security.

Many parents also enjoy seeing their wealth make a positive difference while they are still alive.

However, tax considerations should always form part of the decision.

Giving Money During Your Lifetime

Lifetime gifting can be an effective estate planning strategy, but only if approached carefully.

Advantages

Some of the potential advantages include:

• You can see your children benefit from your gift.
• Some gifts may reduce the value of your estate for IHT purposes.
• Larger estates may be able to reduce future IHT liabilities if gifts qualify under the relevant rules.
• Gifts can help younger generations at a time when financial support is often needed most.

Potential Drawbacks

Before making significant gifts, ask yourself the following questions:

• Will you still have enough money for your own retirement and possible care costs?
• Could the gift affect family relationships if not all beneficiaries are treated equally?
• Are your estate planning documents still appropriate after making significant gifts?
• Have you properly considered the IHT rules?

Leaving Money in Your Will

For many families, leaving assets through a will remains the most suitable option.

Benefits

Leaving money in your will may:

• Allow you to retain full control over your assets during your lifetime.
• Provide flexibility if your financial circumstances change.
• Ensure your estate is distributed according to your wishes.
• Work alongside trusts or other estate planning arrangements where appropriate.

Having an up-to-date will is also an important part of ensuring your estate passes as intended.

Understanding the UK IHT Rules

IHT should never be the only reason for making gifts, but understanding the rules can help you make informed decisions.  HMRC’s How Inheritance Tax Works provides information on the thresholds, rules and allowances.

Can I Give Money to My Children Tax-Free?

This is one of the most common questions people ask when considering lifetime gifting. The answer is that it depends on the type of gift and the IHT rules that apply.

There is no limit on how much money you can give to your children during your lifetime. However, whether the gift is immediately exempt from IHT depends on the circumstances.

Some gifts fall within specific inheritance tax exemptions, while others are treated as Potentially Exempt Transfers (PETs). The seven-year rule for PETs is explained below.

It is also important to remember that IHT is only one consideration. Depending on the asset being gifted, there may also be other tax implications, such as Capital Gains Tax, which should be considered before making significant gifts.

The Seven-Year Rule

One of the biggest tax advantages of making lifetime gifts is the potential application of the seven-year rule. Many outright gifts are treated as PETs. If you survive for seven years after making the gift, its value will generally fall outside your estate for IHT purposes.

If death occurs within seven years, some or all of the gifts may still be taken into account when calculating IHT, depending on the circumstances.

However, leaving money in your will ensures you retain control and financial security during your lifetime; the value of those assets may still form part of your taxable estate.

In broad terms, IHT is charged at 40% on the value of an estate above the available tax-free allowances. The standard nil rate band is currently £325,000 and has remained unchanged since April 2009.

How Much Can Parents Gift Their Children?

Many people assume there is a maximum amount they can give their children each year. In fact, there is no overall limit on the value of gifts you can make.

Although there is no overall limit, several IHT exemptions allow certain gifts to be made without affecting your IHT position. These include the annual exemption, wedding gift exemptions, the small gifts exemption and qualifying gifts made out of surplus income, all of which are explained below.

Larger gifts can also be made and may qualify as Potentially Exempt Transfers (PETs), which are discussed above.

Annual Gift Allowance

Individuals currently have an annual IHT exemption of £3,000. As each parent has their own exemption, a couple can usually give away up to £6,000 between them each tax year, provided the relevant conditions are met.

This allowance can be carried forward if it was not used in the previous tax year.   

Several other exemptions may apply depending on the nature of the gift and your circumstances.

As IHT legislation is complex and can change, professional advice is recommended before making substantial gifts.

Wedding Gift Exemptions

The following wedding gift exemptions are also available for IHT purposes:

• Parents can gift £5,000 to a child.
• Grandparents can gift £2,500 to a grandchild.
• Everyone else is allowed to give £1,000.

If you are giving gifts to the same person, you can combine a wedding gift allowance with any other allowance, except for the small gift allowance.

Small Gift Exemption

There is also the small gift exemption of up to £250 per person each tax year that is also exempt.  This is as long as you have not used another allowance on the same person.

Regular Income Gifts

One of the most valuable IHT exemptions applies to gifts made out of surplus income. There is no financial limit, provided the gifts form part of your normal expenditure, are made from income (rather than capital) and leave you with sufficient income to maintain your usual standard of living.

Keeping good records is essential. You should retain evidence showing that the gifts were made from surplus income, together with details of when each gift was made, its value and the recipient.

What Counts as a Gift

IHT applies to far more than cash gifts. Depending on the circumstances, the following may also count as gifts:

• Household and personal goods, for example, furniture, jewellery or antiques.
• Houses, land or buildings.
• Stocks and shares listed on the London Stock Exchange.
• Unlisted shares you held for less than 2 years before your death, as there are special rules for business relief.

Do My Children Pay Tax on Gifts?

In most cases, your children will not pay tax simply because they receive a gift from you.

• Cash gifts do not usually create an immediate tax liability for the recipient. However, IHT may become relevant if the gift does not qualify for an exemption and you die within seven years of making it. In some circumstances, the recipient of a gift may become liable for IHT if the available nil rate band has already been used by earlier gifts.
• Where you give away assets other than cash, such as property, shares or investments, there may also be tax implications for you as the donor. For example, Capital Gains Tax can arise even where no money changes hands.
• Taking professional advice before making significant gifts can help ensure your estate planning is both effective and tax efficient.

Which Option Is Right for You?

The decision is rarely just about tax.

Questions to consider include:

• Will you need access to the money later?
• Are all your children in similar financial positions?
• Would gifting now create unintended family issues?
• Is your estate likely to exceed available IHT allowances?
• Would trusts or other planning strategies be more appropriate?

In many cases, the most effective solution is a combination of lifetime gifting, a well-drafted will and broader IHT planning.

It is also important to remember that any IHT due on gifts is usually paid by the estate, unless you give away more than £325,000 in gifts in the 7 years before your death.  Once you have given away more than £325,000, anyone who gets a gift from you in those 7 years will have to pay IHT on their gift.

Every family’s circumstances are different, which is why tailored advice is so valuable.

Tax Implications of not having a will

If you die without a valid will (known as dying intestate), your estate will be distributed according to the statutory intestacy rules rather than your personal wishes. This can produce outcomes that are very different from what you intended and may also mean valuable IHT planning opportunities are lost.

You may also find our estate planning article helpful.

How Professional Advice Can Help

Making gifts without understanding the IHT consequences can sometimes produce unexpected outcomes.

Leaving IHT planning until later in life can reduce the planning opportunities available. Some reliefs depend on actions being taken well before death, and unexpected ill health can mean valuable planning opportunities are missed.

Professional advice can help you:

• Understand which gifting exemptions may be available.
• Structure gifts tax-efficiently where appropriate.
• Review your estate planning strategy.
• Consider whether trusts or other planning arrangements may be suitable.
• Ensure your IHT planning is in place and effective before you speak to a solicitor to include it within your will.

At ETC Tax, our specialists help individuals and families understand the UK tax implications of estate planning and lifetime gifting so they can make informed decisions.

FAQs

Is it better to give money to my children while I’m alive?

It depends on your financial circumstances and objectives. Lifetime gifts can provide immediate support and may reduce the value of your estate for IHT purposes, but they should only be made after considering your own future financial needs.

How much money can I give my children tax-free in the UK?

Several IHT exemptions may apply, including the annual gift exemption and certain other exemptions. Larger gifts may also fall outside your estate if the relevant IHT conditions are met.

What is the seven-year rule?

Many lifetime gifts are PETs. If you survive for seven years after making the gift, it may no longer be included within your estate for IHT purposes.

Will my children pay tax on money I give them?

In most cases, receiving a gift does not create an immediate tax liability for your children. However, IHT can sometimes arise depending on the nature of the gift, when it was made and the circumstances at the date of death.

Can I still use the money after giving it away?

If you continue to benefit from assets you’ve given away, different IHT rules may apply, and the asset may not fall out of your estate for IHT purposes.  Depending on the circumstances, you may have other tax consequences arising.

Professional advice is recommended before making significant gifts while retaining any benefit.

Should I update my will after making large gifts?

Yes. Significant lifetime gifts can affect how your estate is distributed and may mean your will should be reviewed to ensure it still reflects your wishes.

Are keeping records important?

Yes. Good record-keeping can make administering your estate much easier for your executors. Records should include what was gifted, who received it, when it was given and its value at the date of the gift.

How can I gift/leave money or assets to my children to make sure they receive them if my spouse remarries?

This is a common concern, particularly where individuals want to ensure that their children ultimately inherit part or all of their estate, while still providing for a surviving spouse.

If assets are left outright to your spouse, they will generally become your spouse’s property. This means that if your spouse later remarries, changes their will, or their circumstances change, there is no guarantee that those assets will eventually pass to your children.

There are a number of estate planning options that may help address this, depending on your personal circumstances. For example, some individuals consider including trusts within their will, such as a life interest trust, which can allow a surviving spouse to benefit from certain assets during their lifetime while helping to preserve the underlying capital for their children.

Other options may also be appropriate depending on the nature of your assets, your family situation and your objectives.

The most suitable approach will depend on factors such as whether this is a first or second marriage, the value and composition of your estate, and your wider IHT planning.

At ETC Tax, our specialists can help with queries in relation to trust planning.

Do I need professional IHT advice?

IHT legislation is complex, and every family’s circumstances are different. Professional advice can help ensure gifts and estate planning are structured appropriately.

Need Advice on Estate Planning or IHT?

If you are considering making lifetime gifts or reviewing your inheritance tax planning, our specialist advisers can help you understand the options available and ensure your plans are structured as tax-efficiently as possible. Please contact ETC Tax for any advice.

Family Investment Companies: 15 Questions People Ask Before Setting One Up

A family investment company (FIC) is a UK-resident private limited company where the shareholders are family members.  It is typically set up to make or hold investments such as cash, loans, properties and share portfolios to generate income or capital growth.

FICs have become increasingly popular as, for some families, they offer a simpler and more familiar structure than family trusts while providing some asset protection benefits.

They are commonly used for family succession and tax planning, allowing founders to retain control whilst passing wealth to future generations in a tax-efficient manner.  They can therefore appeal to families looking to preserve wealth, plan for succession and reduce future Inheritance Tax (IHT) exposure over time.

However, they’re not suitable for everyone. So, if you are wondering whether a FIC might be right for your family, here are 15 of the commonly asked questions. 

1. How much money do I need before a FIC becomes worthwhile?

There isn’t a fixed minimum, but in practice, FICs tend to be most effective where there are significant investment assets to hold and pass on to future generations.

For many families, this might include investment portfolios, surplus business profits, cash reserves or investment properties. As the value of the assets increases, the potential tax and succession planning benefits may become more significant too.

Example

Mr and Mrs Smith have:

• £800,000 investment portfolio.
• £400,000 cash from the sale of a business.

Rather than holding £1.2 million personally, they establish a FIC to hold future investments.

They retain control of the company while gradually introducing their adult children as shareholders as part of a long-term succession plan.

2. Can I still control the investments?

Yes. For many families, one of the main attractions of a FIC is that you can often retain control over investment decisions.

Parents commonly act as directors, deciding:

• What investments to buy or sell.
• Whether profits are reinvested.
• If and when dividends are paid.
• The overall investment strategy.

This allows wealth to begin moving through the generations without necessarily giving up day-to-day control.

3. Can my children own shares without controlling the company?

Yes.

Different classes of shares can often be created so that parents retain voting rights while children hold shares that participate in future growth.

In simple terms, this can allow your children to benefit from increases in value without giving them control over the company.

This can be particularly attractive where children are still relatively young or have little investment experience.

4. Can a FIC own property?

Yes.

Many FICs hold:

• Investment properties.
• Commercial property.
• Investment portfolios.
• Cash investments.
• Other long-term investment assets.

However, transferring existing property into a company can trigger Capital Gains Tax and Stamp Duty Land Tax, so professional advice is essential before making any transfers.

5. Does a FIC avoid IHT?

No.

A FIC is not an IHT avoidance scheme, and it doesn’t automatically remove assets from your estate.

Instead, it can form part of a wider succession planning strategy that may help reduce future IHT exposure over time.

Example

Mrs Jones establishes a FIC using £2 million of investment assets.

She retains voting control but gradually gifts shares to her two children over several years.

If those gifts are structured appropriately and the relevant IHT conditions are met, some future growth in the company’s value may accrue outside her estate rather than remaining taxable on death.

However, the tax position will depend on how the FIC is structured and the family’s wider circumstances.

6. Does HMRC approve of FICs?

FICs are a recognised form of family wealth planning.

HMRC is aware that they are used as part of succession and estate planning.

However, the tax treatment will depend on how the FIC is structured, funded and operated. Poorly designed structures or arrangements that seek to achieve unrealistic tax outcomes may attract scrutiny.

This makes getting the structure right from the outset particularly important.

7. Is a FIC better than a trust?

Not necessarily.

They are different structures, and each has its own advantages.

A trust may be appropriate where assets need protecting for vulnerable beneficiaries or where greater flexibility is required.

A FIC may be preferable where families wish to:

• Retain control.
• Build investments over many years.
• Involve multiple generations.
• Manage wealth through a corporate structure.

In many cases, trusts and FICs may also be used together as part of an overall estate planning strategy.

If you are weighing up the two options, you may find our previous article helpful: “Are family investment companies the new trusts?”

8. Can I still receive income?

Yes.

Depending on how the company is structured, you may be able to receive income from your FIC.

This could include dividends or remuneration where appropriate.

What is appropriate will depend on your wider tax position, retirement plans and future income requirements.

9. What happens when I die?

One advantage of planning early is that succession arrangements can already be in place.

If ownership has gradually passed to younger generations during your lifetime, the transition can often be smoother than leaving everything through your estate.

Example

A family has built investments worth £3 million inside a FIC.

Over 15 years, the parents gradually transfer growth shares to their three children while retaining voting control.

When the surviving parent dies, the company continues operating with the children already established as shareholders, which may help reduce disruption and support the family’s long-term succession objectives.

10. Are FICs expensive to run?

There are additional costs compared with holding investments personally.

These may include:

• Company accounts.
• Corporation Tax returns.
• Companies House filings.
• Legal advice.
• Ongoing tax advice.

For larger family wealth structures, these costs may be justified by the long-term planning benefits, but every case should be assessed individually.

11. Can grandchildren benefit?

Yes.

A FIC can often be structured so that future generations, including grandchildren, benefit from long-term growth.

This can make FICs particularly attractive for families looking beyond the next generation.

12. Can I change my mind later?

Sometimes, but it depends on what you want to change, as some decisions may be difficult or costly to reverse once they are in place.

For example, changing share structures or unwinding earlier planning may create tax consequences.

This is one reason why careful planning before the company is established is so important.

13. Who should avoid using a FIC?

A FIC may not be appropriate if:

• Your investments are relatively modest.
• You need unrestricted personal access to all your capital.
• You are looking for a short-term tax saving.
• The ongoing administration would outweigh the benefits.

FICs are generally better suited to long-term planning rather than short-term tax savings.

14. What are the disadvantages?

Like any planning structure, FICs have drawbacks.

These can include:

• Ongoing administration.
• Professional costs.
• Additional legal and tax complexity.
• Potential tax charges when transferring existing assets.
• The need for regular reviews as legislation changes.

So, it is important to consider the potential downsides as well as the benefits before deciding whether a FIC is right for your family.

15. How do I know if a FIC is suitable?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer.

The right solution depends on factors such as:

• The size of your estate.
• The types of assets you own.
• Your family circumstances.
• Your succession objectives.
• Your future income needs.
• Your attitude to retaining control.

A FIC is only one of several estate planning options. For some families, a trust, lifetime gifting strategy or another structure may be more appropriate.

How ETC Tax Can Help

FICs can be highly effective when they are designed around your family’s objectives rather than simply to save tax.

At ETC Tax, we help clients consider the bigger picture by reviewing their assets, family circumstances and long-term succession goals before advising on the most appropriate strategy. Where a FIC is suitable, we can advise on the structure, tax implications and ongoing planning. Where another solution may better meet your needs, we’ll explain why.

Estate planning is rarely about one product or one tax. It’s about protecting wealth, preserving family control and planning how your assets might be passed to the next generation in an effective way.

Next Steps

If you are considering a FIC or simply want to understand whether one could work for your family, please get in touch with us.  We would be happy to discuss the options with you.

Is Your Business Ready for the First Quarterly Deadline?

Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax officially arrived in April, and now the first major deadline is almost here.

If you’re a self-employed individual or landlord who falls within the new rules, your first quarterly update is due by 7 August 2026.

The good news? HMRC has confirmed there won’t be penalties for late quarterly updates during the first year of MTD. Penalties won’t begin until 6 April 2027, giving taxpayers a little breathing space while everyone gets used to the new system.

That said, it’s still worth getting prepared now. The earlier you understand what’s required, the easier future submissions will be.

You’re certainly not alone.

Since MTD launched, many people are not sure whether they need to comply, what information has to be submitted or whether they will still need to complete a Self-Assessment tax return.

The rules can seem confusing at first, but they’re much more straightforward once you know what’s expected.

Who needs to comply?

At the moment, Making Tax Digital for Income Tax applies to individuals whose gross income from self-employment, property income, or both combined exceeds £50,000, based on their 2024/25 Self-Assessment tax return.

It’s important to remember that this threshold is based on gross income before expenses, not your profit.

The rules will gradually expand over the next few years:

• From April 2027 – individuals with income over £30,000
• From April 2028 – individuals with income over £20,000

Here are a few examples:

• A sole trader with turnover of £55,000 is likely to fall within MTD.
• A landlord receiving £52,000 in rental income may also need to comply.
• Someone with £30,000 of rental income and £25,000 of self-employment income could also be affected because the income is combined.

If you’re not sure whether the rules apply to you, it’s worth checking now rather than waiting until the deadline.

HMRC has a “Work Out Your Qualifying Income for Making Tax Digital for Income Tax” tool as well as a Making Tax Digital Tool.  These online eligibility checkers can help you confirm whether you’re within the new regime.

What actually has to be submitted?

One of the biggest misconceptions is:

“Do I have to complete a mini tax return every three months?”

Thankfully, the answer is no.

Quarterly updates are simply a summary of your business income and expenses, submitted digitally using HMRC-compatible software.

You don’t need to calculate how much tax you owe or make year-end accounting adjustments every quarter.

Once you’ve submitted your fourth quarterly update, you will still complete the end-of-year Self-Assessment tax return to finalise your tax position, claim any reliefs and declare any other taxable income.

Common misconceptions about Making Tax Digital

As the first deadline gets closer, the same questions are being asked again and again.

“It’s based on my profit.”

No. The £50,000 threshold is based on gross income before expenses.

“I don’t need to worry until January.”

Your first quarterly update is due by 7 August 2026, well before the usual Self-Assessment deadline.

“I can still keep paper records.”

Unfortunately, not. MTD requires you to keep digital records and submit your updates using compatible software.

“Quarterly updates replace my tax return.”

Not yet. You’ll still need to complete the end-of-year Self-Assessment tax return to finalise your tax affairs.

What records should you keep?

Good record keeping has always been important, but under Making Tax Digital it’s now essential.

You’ll need to keep digital records of things like:

• Sales or rental income.
• Business expenses.
• Invoices and receipts.
• Dates and values of transactions.
• Relevant bank transactions.

Keeping everything up to date throughout the year makes each quarterly submission much quicker and far less stressful.

Many people see Making Tax Digital as just another compliance exercise.

In reality, it can also be an opportunity.

Keeping digital records throughout the year often gives you a clearer picture of how your business is performing and allows tax issues to be spotted much earlier, rather than just before the January deadline.

Don’t leave it until the last minute

Although there are no penalties for late quarterly updates during the first year, that doesn’t mean it’s a good idea to leave everything until the last minute.

Making Tax Digital is here to stay, and quarterly reporting will become a regular part of your annual tax obligations.

Getting your systems in place now will make future submissions much easier and help avoid unnecessary stress.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I still need to complete a Self-Assessment tax return?

Yes. Quarterly updates don’t replace the year-end process. You’ll still need to complete your end-of-year tax return to finalise your tax position.

Is the £50,000 threshold based on profit?

No. It’s based on your gross income from self-employment and property before expenses are deducted.

Do I need special software?

Yes. Quarterly updates must be submitted using HMRC-compatible software. HMRC provides guidance on approved software.

What happens if I miss the first deadline?

HMRC has confirmed it won’t issue late submission penalty points for quarterly updates during the 2026/27 tax year for those who are newly required to comply with MTD. However, you’ll still need to submit all required quarterly updates before completing your year-end Self-Assessment tax return, so it’s still important to stay on track.

HMRC Issues Nearly 65,000 Crypto Tax Nudge Warning Letters as Compliance Activity Intensifies

HMRC has significantly increased its compliance activity aimed at UK cryptocurrency investors, issuing 64,982 crypto-related warning letters during the 2024–25 tax year.

According to figures obtained through a Freedom of Information request, HMRC continues to focus on ensuring taxpayers correctly report gains and income arising from cryptoassets.

Overall, HMRC issued more than 104,000 Capital Gains Tax (CGT) compliance letters during 2024-25, with crypto-related enquiries accounting for over 62% of the total.

The latest figures show that crypto now represents the majority of HMRC’s CGT compliance campaigns, highlighting the department’s growing use of data to identify potential under-reporting.

This increase reflects HMRC’s continued investment in data analytics and information sharing to identify taxpayers who may not have correctly reported their crypto transactions.

Why is HMRC targeting crypto investors?

Many investors remain unaware that cryptocurrency transactions can give rise to UK tax liabilities.

Depending on the circumstances, buying, selling, exchanging or gifting cryptoassets may result in:

• CGT.
• Income Tax.
• Reporting obligations through Self-Assessment.

Calculating the correct tax position can also be complex. Investors are often required to maintain detailed records of:

• Purchases and disposals.
• Token swaps.
• Transfers between wallets.
• Transaction fees.
• The sterling value of assets at the time of each transaction.

Even transactions that do not involve converting crypto into cash may have tax consequences.

Many taxpayers remain unaware that cryptoasset transactions can give rise to UK tax liabilities, particularly where assets are exchanged rather than converted into cash.

Have you received an HMRC crypto nudge letter?

If you’ve received a crypto nudge letter from HMRC, it’s important not to ignore it.

These letters are not necessarily an indication that HMRC believes tax has been underpaid. Instead, they are intended to encourage taxpayers to review their tax affairs and ensure any reporting is complete and accurate.

If you’ve received one of these letters, see our previous article, Received an HMRC Nudge Letter? explains why HMRC sends these letters, what they mean and the practical steps you should consider before responding.

HMRC Crypto Nudge Letters – What You Need to Know

If, after reviewing your position, you identify an error or omission, obtaining specialist advice at an early stage can often help resolve matters more efficiently.

International reporting rules will increase transparency

HMRC’s compliance activity is also expected to increase following the introduction of new international crypto reporting requirements.

The Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) and related international information exchange rules will require many cryptoasset service providers to collect and share customer transaction data with tax authorities around the world.

As the Crypto-Asset Reporting Framework (CARF) is implemented internationally, HMRC is expected to receive significantly more information from participating jurisdictions about UK taxpayers’ cryptoasset transactions.

What should crypto investors do?

Whether you are an occasional investor or an active trader, good record-keeping remains essential. Investors should keep details of purchases, disposals, wallet transfers, token swaps, transaction fees and the sterling value of each transaction to support their Self-Assessment tax return.

Reviewing your reporting before submitting your Self-Assessment tax return can help reduce the risk of errors and avoid unnecessary enquiries.

How ETC Tax can help

Cryptocurrency taxation is an increasingly complex area, particularly where there are multiple exchanges, wallets, DeFi transactions or overseas platforms involved.

Our specialist tax team advises individuals, investors and businesses on UK crypto tax compliance, disclosures and HMRC enquiries.

If you have received an HMRC crypto nudge letter or are concerned that your crypto transactions may not have been reported correctly, please contact the ETC Tax team. We can help you review your position and discuss the appropriate next steps. Head over to our website to view the information on our crypto page – click here.

FAQ

Why has HMRC sent so many crypto warning letters?

HMRC is increasing its compliance activity as cryptocurrency ownership grows and more data becomes available from exchanges and international reporting initiatives.

Does receiving a crypto nudge letter mean I have done something wrong?

Not necessarily. A nudge letter encourages taxpayers to review their tax affairs and confirm that any reporting obligations have been met.

Is cryptocurrency taxable in the UK?

Yes. Depending on the transaction, cryptoassets may be subject to CGT or Income Tax under UK tax legislation.

What records should I keep?

You should retain details of purchases, sales, exchanges, wallet transfers, transaction fees and the sterling value of each transaction.

Will HMRC receive information from crypto exchanges?

Increasingly, yes. International reporting initiatives will require many crypto asset service providers to share customer information with tax authorities, including HMRC.

Selling an investment property in the UK means you could owe tax on the profit you make, and that bill can be bigger than people expect. In the 2024 to 2025 tax year alone, 163,000 taxpayers reported residential property disposals, with total gains of £10.3 billion and a combined CGT liability of £2.2 billion, according to HMRC’s Capital Gains Tax statistics. 

Knowing the rates, what costs you can deduct, and which reliefs you may be entitled to can make a real difference to what you end up paying. There are also strict deadlines for reporting a sale to HMRC, and missing them can lead to penalties. 

What Is Capital Gains Tax on Property?

Capital gains tax is a tax on the profit you make when you sell something that has gone up in value. For property investors, it usually comes into play when you sell a buy-to-let, a second home, or any property that has not been your main residence. The important thing to remember is that the tax applies to the profit, not the full sale price.

A Simple Example

If you bought a property for £200,000 and later sold it for £320,000, your gain would be £120,000 before any costs are taken off. You would then pay Capital Gains Tax on whatever is left after deductions and your annual tax-free allowance.

What Property Does It Apply To?

Capital gains tax on investment property in the UK applies to:

• Buy-to-let properties
• Second homes
• Holiday lets
• Inherited properties not used as a main home
• Land or property sold for a profit

Your main home is usually exempt from Capital Gains Tax, thanks to a relief called Private Residence Relief. But if the property has ever been rented out or was not your primary place of living, part of the gain may still be taxable.

In line with HMRC’s guidance on Capital Gains Tax, you must report and pay any tax owed within 60 days of completing a residential property sale. This is a firm deadline, not a suggestion, and missing it can lead to financial penalties.

If you are not sure whether Capital Gains Tax applies to a property you own or have recently sold, the ETC Tax private client team can help you work through the details and make sure you are on the right side of the rules.

You can also find out more about how property tax works more broadly by visiting the ETC Tax property tax service, which covers everything from rental income to disposals.

What CGT Rates Apply to Investment Property?

The rate of Capital Gains Tax you pay on investment property depends on how much taxable income you have in the year you make the sale. The UK uses two rates for residential property, and which one applies to you depends on your overall earnings for that tax year.

Current CGT Rates for Residential Property (2026/27)

• 18% if you are a basic rate taxpayer
• 24% if you are a higher or additional rate taxpayer

These rates only apply to residential property. If you hold commercial property, the rates are different, and the rules around how the gain is calculated also change.

How Your Rate Is Worked Out

Your capital gain is added on top of your other income for the year. So even if your salary puts you in the basic rate band, a large gain from selling a property could push some or all of it into the higher rate band. In that case, you would pay 18% on the part that falls within the basic rate threshold and 24% on anything above it.

For example, if your salary leaves you with £10,000 of unused basic rate band and your property gain is £60,000, the first £10,000 of the gain would be taxed at 18% and the remaining £50,000 at 24%.

It is worth checking the current tax thresholds on the HMRC self-assessment guidance to understand how your income and gains interact before you complete a sale.

If you are unsure which rate will apply to you, or you want to plan the timing of a disposal to keep more of your money, the ETC Tax property tax team can help you model the numbers before you commit.

For investors with more complex affairs, such as those with rental income, dividends, or a mix of assets, broader private client tax advice may be the right starting point.

How Is the Gain Calculated?

Working out your capital gain is not as simple as subtracting what you paid from what you received. There are several costs you are allowed to deduct, which can bring the taxable amount down significantly. Getting this right matters because every pound of allowable cost you miss is a pound you may end up paying tax on unnecessarily.

Costs You Can Deduct

• The original purchase price of the property
• Solicitor and estate agent fees on both purchase and sale
• Stamp Duty Land Tax that was paid when you bought the property
• The cost of capital improvements made during ownership
• Any other reasonable costs directly linked to buying or selling

Capital Improvements vs Repairs

There is an important difference between improvements and repairs. A capital improvement adds value to the property, such as an extension, a full kitchen renovation, or a loft conversion. A repair simply keeps the property in the same condition, like replacing a broken boiler or fixing a leaking roof. Only capital improvements can be deducted from your gain, not day-to-day maintenance costs.

Your Annual Tax-Free Allowance

Once you have worked out the gain after deductions, you can also take off your Annual Exempt Amount. For the 2026/27 tax year, this is £3,000 per person. If you own a property jointly with a partner, you can each use your own allowance, which means up to £6,000 of the combined gain is tax-free.

For a full breakdown of what counts as an allowable cost, HMRC’s Capital Gains Tax guidance sets out the rules in plain terms.

If you want help calculating your gain accurately and making sure you are claiming every deduction you are entitled to, the ETC Tax property tax team can work through the numbers with you.

For investors with more complex ownership arrangements, private client tax support can help you structure things in a way that works for your situation.

What Reliefs and Exemptions Are Available?

Several tax reliefs can reduce the amount of Capital Gains Tax you owe when selling an investment property. Not all of them will apply to every situation, but it is worth understanding what is available so you do not miss out on something you are entitled to.

Private Residence Relief

This is the most commonly used relief for property investors. If the property was your main home at some point during the time you owned it, you may be able to reduce the taxable gain. The relief covers the period you lived there as your main residence, plus the final nine months of ownership, regardless of where you were living.

Lettings Relief

This used to be a generous relief, but the rules changed significantly in April 2020. Now it only applies if you were living in the property at the same time as the tenant. If you rented out a property while living somewhere else, lettings relief no longer applies.

Rollover Relief

This allows you to delay paying Capital Gains Tax when you sell a business asset and use the money to buy a replacement. It applies to some commercial property used in a trade, but not to standard residential investment properties.

Gift Hold-Over Relief

If you give away a property that qualifies as a business asset, you may be able to defer the CGT charge. The gain is held over until the recipient eventually sells the asset.

HMRC looks closely at Private Residence Relief claims, especially where there is a pattern of short occupancies followed by sales. For full details of how each relief works, HMRC’s official guidance is the best place to start.

If you are unsure which reliefs apply to your property, the ETC Tax private client team can review your position and make sure you are not leaving money on the table.

For more complex portfolios, specialist property tax advice can help you plan disposals in a way that makes the most of available reliefs.

Do You Need to Report a Property Sale to HMRC?

Yes. If you sell a residential property in the UK and make a taxable gain, you are legally required to report it and pay any tax owed within 60 days of the sale completing. This is not the same as your yearly tax return. It is a separate process done through HMRC’s online UK Property Reporting Service.

What the 60-Day Rule Means in Practice

The clock starts on the day the sale completes, not the day contracts are exchanged. So once the keys change hands, you have 60 days to report the gain and make any payment. This can feel like a short window, especially if you are also dealing with moving or other financial admin at the same time.

Do You Still Need to Report If You Owe No Tax?

In some cases, yes. Even if reliefs and your annual allowance bring your tax bill down to zero, HMRC may still require you to file a report. It is always safer to check than to assume you do not need to do anything.

What about self-assessment?

If you have already filed a Self Assessment tax return, you will need to include the property gain there too. Any tax you have already paid through the 60-day service is taken into account, so you will not be charged twice. But the gain still needs to appear on your return.

What Happens If You Miss the Deadline?

HMRC can charge automatic penalties for late filing, even if you pay the correct amount of tax. Interest can also build up on any unpaid amount. The longer the delay, the larger the penalty can become.

If you have missed a reporting deadline or are not sure whether a previous sale was handled correctly, the ETC Tax disputes team can help you deal with HMRC and get things back on track.

For straightforward property disposals where you want to make sure everything is reported properly, the ETC Tax property tax service can manage the process for you from start to finish.

What Happens If You Own Property Through a Company?

Some property investors choose to hold their properties inside a limited company rather than owning them personally. When a company sells a property, it does not pay Capital Gains Tax. Instead, it pays Corporation Tax on the profit. The rules and rates are different, and this structure can be an advantage in some situations but not all.

Corporation Tax Rates on Property Gains (2026/27)

• 25% for companies with profits above £250,000
• 19% for companies with profits under £50,000
• A tapered rate applies for profits between £50,000 and £250,000

Why Some Investors Use a Company Structure

Holding property through a company can make sense for investors who want to keep profits inside the business and reinvest them, rather than drawing them out as personal income. Rental income inside a company is taxed at Corporation Tax rates, which can be lower than the personal income tax rates that would apply to a higher-earning individual.

The Drawbacks to Consider

Taking money out of a company is not straightforward. Dividends are taxed, and there can be additional charges depending on how and when you extract profits. The tax saved on the way in can sometimes be offset by the cost of getting money out later. There can also be higher mortgage rates on company-owned property and additional administrative costs.

For an overview of how Corporation Tax is applied, HMRC’s tax guidance covers the main rules for companies holding UK property.

If you are thinking about using a company to hold property, or you already do and want to make sure you are structured efficiently, the ETC Tax corporate tax team can walk you through the pros and cons for your specific situation.

Investors who own property both personally and through a company may also benefit from specialist private client tax support to make sure the overall picture is as tax-efficient as possible.

How Can You Reduce Your Capital Gains Tax Bill Legally?

There are several ways to legally reduce the amount of Capital Gains Tax you pay when selling an investment property. None of these are loopholes. They are all recognised by HMRC as legitimate ways to manage your tax position. The key is planning ahead, because most of these approaches only work before you complete a sale, not after.

Practical Steps to Reduce Your CGT Bill

• Use your £3,000 annual CGT allowance every year where you can
• Transfer a share of the property to your spouse or civil partner before selling, so you can both use your allowances
• Think about the timing of a sale to make sure it falls in a tax year when your income is lower
• Keep records of every capital improvement you have made, as these reduce your taxable gain
• Use any capital losses from other assets to reduce the overall gain in the same tax year
• Check whether you qualify for Private Residence Relief, even partially, if you ever lived in the property

Why Timing Matters

If you are planning to retire, reduce your working hours, or expect a lower income in the coming year, it may be worth waiting to sell. A lower income in the year of disposal can mean a lower CGT rate applies to your gain, which could save a significant amount.

Planning Makes a Difference

Once a sale has been completed, your options are very limited. Most tax-saving strategies have to be put in place before exchange or completion. The earlier you get advice, the more choices you have.

For general guidance on property tax planning, HMRC’s Capital Gains Tax pages set out the rules in straightforward terms.

If you want to plan a disposal properly and make sure you are not paying more than you need to, the ETC Tax property tax team can help you look at your options before you sell.

For investors with larger or more complex portfolios, private client tax planning can take a wider look at your overall position and help you make the most of every allowance and relief available to you.

Plan Your Property Sale the Right Way With ETC Tax

Capital gains tax on investment property can catch people off guard, and the rules are not always easy to follow on your own. Rates change, deadlines are strict, and missing a relief you are entitled to can cost you more than it should.

That is where ETC Tax comes in. The team works with property investors and landlords across the UK, helping them understand what they owe, what they can reduce, and how to stay on the right side of HMRC. From working out the gain on a sale to spotting reliefs that apply to your situation, the support is practical and straightforward.

You can find out more through the ETC Tax property tax service, or get broader support for more complex situations through the private client tax team. Ready to talk? Get in touch with ETC Tax today.

When someone dies, their estate may need to go through a legal process called probate before assets can be passed on. Part of that process involves telling HMRC about the estate’s value. According to HMRC’s inheritance tax statistics, only around 4% of UK estates pay inheritance tax each year, yet many more still have reporting obligations. 

Not every estate needs to file a full IHT return. Some qualify as an excepted estate (an estate that is exempt from IHT), which means a simpler process applies. Knowing which category an estate falls into, what the thresholds are, and what happens if the rules are not followed correctly can make estate administration much less complicated.

What Is an Excepted Estate?

An excepted estate is one where the executor does not need to send a full inheritance tax form to HMRC when applying for probate. HMRC sets out the rules for this in the Inheritance Tax (Delivery of Accounts) (Excepted Estates) Regulations. If an estate meets the right conditions, the executor uses a simpler process and skips Form IHT400 altogether. The estate details are confirmed directly on the probate application instead.

This matters because IHT400 is a long and detailed form. It comes with several extra schedules, and completing it takes time and careful attention. For estates that clearly fall below the thresholds, the excepted estate route is much easier to manage.

Why This Matters for Executors

Getting this right from the start avoids delays later. A mistake in deciding an estate qualifies as excepted can lead to penalties and a longer probate process. If you are unsure, speaking to a specialist in private client tax early on is always a good idea.

According to HMRC’s guidance on inheritance tax, executors must check every condition carefully before treating an estate as excepted. The gross estate value is worked out before any debts or liabilities are taken off, which is an important point to keep in mind.

For estates involving property, getting the valuation right is especially important. Our property tax specialists can help make sure property assets are assessed correctly as part of the exempted estate IHT return process.

What Are the Exempted Estate Thresholds?

There are three categories of exempt estate under current HMRC rules. Each category has its own set of conditions, and the estate must meet all of them to qualify.

The Three Categories

Low Value Estates 

The gross value of the estate is below £325,000, which is the current inheritance tax threshold. No IHT is owed, and the estate qualifies as excepted automatically if no other complicating factors apply.

Exempt Estates 

The estate is worth more than £325,000 but passes entirely to an exempt beneficiary. This includes a spouse, civil partner, or a UK-registered charity. The gross estate must not exceed £3 million to qualify under this category.

Estates With a Transfer of Unused Nil Rate Band 

A surviving spouse or civil partner is inheriting, and the combined threshold does not exceed £650,000. The gross estate must also not exceed £3 million.

These thresholds reflect the updated rules that came into effect from 1 January 2022. Before that date, the exempt estate limit was £1 million, so far fewer estates qualified. The change means more families can now use the simpler excepted estate IHT return route without filing an IHT400.

According to HMRC’s inheritance tax statistics, only a small share of UK estates actually pay inheritance tax each year. Understanding which threshold applies to your situation can save a significant amount of time and paperwork.

If the estate includes property assets, our property tax team can help confirm that the gross value is calculated correctly before any decisions are made.

When Is a Full IHT Return Required?

A full IHT return using form IHT400 is needed when the estate does not qualify as an excepted estate. The form covers the full value of the estate, any reliefs or exemptions being claimed, and any tax that is owed.

Key Deadlines to Know

IHT400 must be submitted within 12 months of the end of the month in which the person died. Any tax owed must be paid by the end of the sixth month after death to avoid interest charges building up.

When You Will Need to File IHT400

You will generally need to file a full return in these situations:

• The gross estate is above £325,000 and does not pass to an exempt beneficiary.
• The estate includes assets that qualify for Agricultural Relief or Business Relief above the set limits.
• The person made gifts within seven years of death that are over the annual allowance.
• The estate includes assets held overseas, certain trusts, or complex ownership arrangements.
• You are claiming the residence nil rate band, and the estate does not otherwise qualify as an excepted estate.
• The person who died was based outside the UK but owned assets here.

Even when no inheritance tax is owed, HMRC can still require IHT400 if the estate falls outside the excepted estate rules. This surprises many executors who assume no tax means no paperwork.

If you need more information, “What Is An Iht400 And When Is It Required?” explains the topic in detail. 

Our private client tax team regularly supports families and executors with exempted estate IHT return assessments. For further guidance on what triggers a full return, HMRC’s inheritance tax page sets out the rules in detail.

What Changed After 1 January 2022?

The exempted estate rules changed significantly from 1 January 2022. The updates came from changes to the Excepted Estates Regulations and were designed to reduce the admin burden on executors dealing with straightforward estates.

The Main Change

The exempt estate threshold went up from £1 million to £3 million. This means many more estates can now avoid the full IHT400 process. For families dealing with bereavement, this is a meaningful practical improvement.

What Also Changed

The information executors need to provide on the probate application was also simplified. Instead of a full breakdown, executors of estates now just confirm the estate value and the category it falls under. This reduced the paperwork involved for a large number of estates.

What Stayed the Same

The standard nil rate band remains at £325,000. The conditions for each exempted estate category still apply in full. Executors must still check every condition before deciding a simpler process applies.

An Important Date to Remember

The updated rules only apply to deaths on or after 1 January 2022. For deaths before that date, the old rules still apply, including the lower £1 million limit for exempt estates. If you are administering an estate that falls under the old rules, it is worth confirming the position with a tax specialist.

According to HMRC’s guidance on excepted estates, the reforms were part of a wider effort to focus HMRC resources on more complex cases. Our tax disputes and investigations team can help if questions arise about which set of rules applies and how they affect the exempted estate IHT return for a specific estate.

What Information Do Executors Still Need to Provide?

Even when an estate qualifies as excepted, executors still have reporting steps to complete. The information is provided as part of the probate application rather than through a separate HMRC submission, but the obligations are still real.

What Executors Need to Confirm

When applying for probate in England and Wales, executors must confirm the following:

• The gross value of the estate and the types of assets it contains.
• Whether any gifts were made within seven years of death, and the amounts involved.
• Whether any assets pass to an exempt beneficiary, and the reason for that exemption.
• Whether a transfer of nil rate band is being used, and the basis for that claim.

HMRC’s Right to Investigate

HMRC can still open an inquiry into an excepted estate. They have up to 60 days after probate is granted to ask for more information. If they do, executors will need to provide evidence to back up the values and exemptions they declared.

Why Good Records Matter

Keeping clear records from the start of the estate administration process protects executors if questions arise later. This includes valuations, gift records, bank statements, and any documentation related to property or investments.

For estates that involve property assets, having an accurate valuation from the outset is essential. Our property tax team can support executors with this as part of the wider exempted estate IHT return process. For full details on what HMRC expects, HMRC’s guidance on reporting an estate sets out the steps clearly.

What Happens If You Get It Wrong?

Treating an estate as excepted when it should have had a full IHT400 filed can lead to serious problems. Executors can be personally held responsible for unpaid tax, interest, and penalties if an error is found.

How HMRC Handles Errors

The penalty rules for inheritance tax errors follow a similar pattern to other UK tax penalties. The level of the penalty depends on the nature of the mistake:

• Careless errors attract lower penalties.
• Deliberate errors attract higher penalties.
• Errors involving concealment attract the highest penalties.

Interest on Unpaid Tax

Under HMRC rules, interest on unpaid inheritance tax runs from the due date. That is generally the end of the sixth month after the date of death. If there is a long delay in resolving the position, interest can add up to a significant amount.

What to Do If You Are Unsure

If there is any doubt about the exempted estate IHT return status, getting professional advice before submitting anything is the safest approach. Mistakes are much easier to address before a submission is made than after.

Our private client tax team works with executors and families in exactly these situations. For cases where HMRC has already raised a challenge, our tax disputes and investigations team can help manage the process. HMRC’s guidance on penalties sets out how errors are assessed and what executors can expect.

Common Scenarios: Does Your Estate Qualify?

Looking at practical examples is one of the clearest ways to understand how the estate rules work. The scenarios below are simplified illustrations only and should not be taken as tax advice. Every estate is different, and the full facts always matter.

Scenario A: A Low-Value Estate

A widow passes away, leaving an estate worth £280,000. The estate includes a bank account, personal belongings, and a small ISA. She made no significant gifts in the seven years before her death and left everything to her adult children. The gross estate is below the nil rate band of £325,000, so this would likely qualify as a low-value excepted estate. No IHT400 would be needed. The executor would confirm the position as part of the probate application.

Scenario B: An Estate Passing to a Surviving Spouse

A man passes away with an estate worth £1.8 million. His entire estate passes to his wife. Because transfers between spouses are exempt from inheritance tax, and the gross estate is below £3 million, this would likely qualify as an exempt estate under the post-2022 rules. When the wife later passes away, the unused nil rate band from her husband’s estate may also be available to transfer. This could potentially double the threshold available to her estate.

Scenario C: An Estate With Property and Prior Gifts

A retired business owner passes away with a property worth £900,000 and savings of £200,000. He also made several cash gifts to family members over the past five years. The total estate significantly exceeds the nil rate band. The gifts made within seven years of death also need to be reviewed under the taper relief rules. This estate would not qualify as excepted, and a full IHT400 would need to be submitted.

For estates like this one, getting specialist support early makes a real difference. Our property tax team can help assess the position, and HMRC’s guidance on gifts and inheritance tax explains how prior gifts are treated under UK tax rules.

Speak to ETC Tax About Your Inheritance Tax Position

Inheritance tax can feel overwhelming, especially when you are dealing with it for the first time. The rules changed in 2022, and getting things wrong can lead to delays or penalties. The good news is that you do not have to figure it out on your own.

ETC Tax helps families, executors, and advisers sort out inheritance tax the right way. Our private client tax team knows this area well and can tell you exactly where you stand. We also work with solicitors and accountants through our professional adviser services when extra support is needed.

If you are not sure what applies to the estate you are dealing with, or you want to plan ahead for your own, just reach out. Contact ETC Tax today and speak to someone who can help.